Sunday, 17 July 2022

Thinking Activity : Derrida and Deconstruction

 Thinking Activity : Derrida and Deconstruction


I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as a thinking activity for the concept of Derrida and Deconstruction. Which is given by Prof.Dr.Dilip Barad there is an another blog for this idea with informative videos You can have a look to it by clicking here. And here I will discuss other things like what is the understanding by Deconstruction'? and practicing it here by some of attempts. 

  

Derrida is saying that Deconstruction is not Destruction.

Then what is Deconstruction?

Defining this term can be especially difficult and confusing one. Derrida once said It is a necessary confusion since it is criticizing the very simplified explanation of the reasoning behind this theory that I found helpful. So here, Derrida himself is accepting and attempting that the idea or the concept of Deconstruction is too hard nut to crack itself.

So now I am going to deconstruct some of words or dialogues from very pertinent scenes for understanding Binary Opposition in the easy way. The oppositions challenged by deconstruction, which have been inherent in Western philosophy since the time of the ancient Greeks, are characteristically “binary” and “hierarchical,” involving a pair of terms in which one member of the pair is assumed to be primary or fundamental, the other secondary or derivative. Examples include nature and culture, speech and writing, mind and body, presence and absence, inside and outside, literal and metaphorical, intelligible and sensible, and form and meaning, among many others. To “deconstruct” an opposition is to explore the tensions and contradictions between the hierarchical ordering assumed (and sometimes explicitly asserted) in the text and other aspects of the text’s meaning, especially those that are indirect or implicit or that rely on figurative or performative uses of language. Through this analysis, the opposition is shown to be a product, or “construction,” of the text rather than something given independently of it.


The scene from movie Mardaani 2

A police officer's search for a missing teenage girl leads her to the depraved world of child trafficking. What follows is a cat-and-mouse game between the officer and a mafia kingpin.

Sunny, a psychopath working for a politician, brutally rapes and murders innocent women, leaving a trail of battered bodies in his wake. However, SP Shivani Roy vows to catch and bring him to justice.



Even when we see the poster of the movie we think it is having the feminine voice at all. But when go into deep study by the various kind of perspective we come to know many things along with it.


This is the scene where we come to know that the interview is going on of a female police officer. Here also there is male who is taking interview and questioning very weirdly to the one who is answering and being deconstructed by her own answers. It is showing that no matter woman is standing, no matter which position she is having but she will be always questionable one. Even the professions have their narrow path to walk by this zander binaries or opposition. When we take a look to the post-colonial idea we come to know that from the old time male hierarchy and the act of privileging over other is playing vital role everywhere and every aspect of the social lance. We always have that idea of binary in our subconscious mind no matter the one is male or female. But if one is male then always think about the privileging over the female more.

First question is only like, A murdering rapist trying to impress you or to take revenge on you. Straps a time bomb to an innocent girl. Don’t you think having a male officer in your place could have prevented this disaster? Is it not time for women to introspect a little?
We can observe that the question is a very big question to itself. When we see by the perspective of the binary opposition. How the whole society is presented by this male interviewer.

Female police officer = woman’s voice
Male interviewer = male dominated society

Further he is going with a question like when Mother Nature has created a difference between men and women. Who are we to dispute it?
In this question here also mentioned the religious concerns by questioning the character of Sita. In the ending of video there is the idea of Equality as well as capacities.


The scene from movie Pink


After being molested, Minal, along with her friends, tries to file an FIR against a politician's nephew. When the subsequent case gets rigged, Deepak, a retired lawyer, helps them to fight the case.

The scene open with the question Are you Virgin? By the lawyer to the Minal in the court. Here we can see the idea of ‘Virginity’ has come always with the women concerns. We never find it around any man. Also, the judge asks to have Incamera at that time Minal Arora does not know the next question though she denied to have Incamera session she says I will give answers in open court because I did not do anything wrong. So, why women are always being questionable in this thing! She answered even the question like, she is not virgin and at nineteen she lost her virginity. So, lawyer is going further with the flow very pertinently and striking questions are there.


When it comes to virginity the society always have those notions in the mind that it always the rape cases playing the role. Society never thinks in a way of consents from the both sides. In this way it is all about the human will not every time it is the case of rape or any other things. Because the people always make women’s characters in fault. Human will is at center. Also, we can observe the questions those are asked to the male character and female character while they are standing in the court to be questioned. 

Mainly this movie is not about the one molested female case, rather than it is more about the human will or consent as it focused by the lance of the lawyer. He is telling that these many things girls cannot do with the references of consents. Also, how these things are same but for girls it is not same!

Minal and her friends state that the men tried to sexually assault them. Minal alleges that Rajveer tried to rape her, and she attacked him with the bottle in self-defence. Deepak’s argument focuses on the issue of consent and a woman’s right to say no. A series of interesting and chilling courtroom arguments ensues in the following days. Towards the end of the trial, Rajveer becomes enraged and provoked by Deepak, revealing the truth by stating that the women “got what they deserved”. Deepak criticizes the regressed views of the society where women are stereotyped as prostitutes if they come home late, move out of their home, want to be independent, drink and so on, but none of these applies to men. In his closing remarks, Deepak mentions that his client said “no”. No means no and does not require further explanation. The women are acquitted while Rajveer, Ankit, and Dumpy are charged. Vishwa Jyoti is let off with a warning.


Here I would like to mention the preface by Kamala Das in her book Selected Poems. And it is directly deconstructing the very core idea of feminine here. Also there is a prominent figure here to mention.



Here, Simone de Beauvoir has put out many ideas around it and how it is promiscuous evils.
 

Phallogocentrism is very core concept about binary opposition like in that as we have seen the idea of how male is privileging over female. At center men and periphery women. 

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Indian literary theorist, feminist critic, postcolonial theorist, and professor of comparative literature noted for her personal brand of deconstructive criticism, which she called “interventionist.”

THANK YOU!

Thursday, 14 July 2022

Derrida and Deconstruction : Flipped Learning

Derrida and Deconstruction : Flipped Learning

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani. Writing this blog as a part of flipped learning if you want to know about that You can visit the teacher's blog
In this blog we have to deal with the concept of Derrida and Deconstruction. which is given by Prof.Dr.Dilip Barad sir and You can visit here to get to know about more.

Flipped learning is a methodology that helps teachers to prioritize active learning during class time by assigning students lecture materials and presentations to be viewed at home or outside of class. One of the most exciting advancements in the modern classroom is flipped learning.


Jacques Derrida was an Algerian-born French philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he analyzed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology. He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. Through deconstruction, Derrida aims to erase the boundary between binary oppositions—and to do so in such a way that the hierarchy implied by the oppositions is thrown into question. Although its ultimate aim may be to criticize Western logic, deconstruction arose as a response to structuralism and formalism.



Video 1


Why is it difficult to define Deconstruction? Is Deconstruction a negative term? How does Deconstruction happen on its own? The philosopher Derrida himself keeping ask the question is it possible to define
something and is there limitations to define something. Deconstruction is not a
term which can be defined correctly. It is something like which is very difficult
to define.
Deconstruction is not act which is completely goes with the action of
deconstruct something in the real sense. But it is the process which work like act
of questioning to foundations and causes to intellectual system. So we can say
at this base it is not a negative term.
“Inquiry into the Limits.” The very condition Derrida argues is based on distinctions or binary oppositions
.

Video 2


In this video the speaker is specking about points like The influence of Heidegger on Derrida, Derridian rethinking on the foundation of western philosophy.

The three important thinkers that is Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Derrida consider these figures important for his famous work “Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences”. Derrida continuing their ideas further in his philosophy.

Heidegger point out the traditional western philosophical idea that is ‘being of beings’. And he avoid this idea also. The specker has mentioned here the work of Heidegger that is ‘Being and Time’.

Further the discussion is going with the theme of language. “It is language which speaks , not man”. Language displace the man from the center in the philosophy. Reinventing the language philosophy is the basic idea here.

Here the writing is neglected and specking is having more power. By the terms of ‘Phonocentricism’.
Video 3


In this video the information about Ferdinand de Saussureian concept of language ( that meaning is arbitrary, relational ,constitutive). How Derrida Deconstructs the idea of arbitrariness? Concept of metaphysics of presence.

“Meaning of the word is nothing but another word”. – Derrida. He talks about existence of something and binary opposition. There is no positive element in language, but only negative one


Video 4


This video is going for the discussion of Derridian concept of ‘difference’, Infinite play of meaning , DifferAnce = to differ & to defer the meaning.

The speaker is dealing with the interesting part here that is the meaning of particular word ‘Interest’ with many dictionary meanings. What do you mean by understand? What we are understanding is the another group of word by saying that understanding according to Derrida. There is no final meaning of any word.

Saussurean sign is equal to signifier which signifies something; but Derridean sign is free play of signifiers, signifying nothing.

The ultimate MEANING is postponed according to Derrida. Further he is saying about difference. And speaking privileging over writing. 


Video 5


In this video , Structure, Sign & play in the discourse of the Human Sciences. Language bears within itself the necessity of it’s own critique.

It is about post structuralism. There are references of other philosophers here and their concepts. Criticism can never go outside of tradition it’s because of the language according to Derrida. And also talk about ultimate meaning or assumptions. You can never catch the final meaning of any word. 

Video 6


In this video, there is like The Yale School – the hub of the practitioners of Deconstruction in the literary theories. The characteristics of the Yale School of Deconstruction.

There are four figures like, Paul de Man, J.Hillis Miller, Harold Bloom and Geoffrey Hartman for the promotion of Deconstruction concept of Derrida. The Yale School has played huge role into it. Further it is going with aesthetics illusions and some of characteristics of Yale School. 

Video 7


Here the difference of The Yale School’s deconstruction and the other branches of criticism is working on Deconstruction. Like, Post Colonial theories: fascinated by it’s ability to show that the texts or the discourse of the colonizers can be deconstructed from within the narratives. Then cultural theories , feminist theories and new historicism also influenced by Deconstruction. There is the range of approaches.

THANK YOU!

Tuesday, 12 July 2022

Short Stories by R.K.Narayan

An Astrologer's Day By R.K.Narayan

Hell, I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as a part of thinking activity while dealing with the chapter of short stories by R.K.Narayan. (You can have visit the teacher's wall)




Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami was an Indian writer known for his work set in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi. He was a leading author of early Indian literature in English along with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao.



You can watch the film by clicking here 
· After watching the movie, have your perception about the short story, characters or situations changed?
· Does screening of movie help you in better understanding of the short story?
· Was there any particular scene or moment in the story that you think was perfect?
· If you are director, what changes would you like to make in the remaking of the movie based on the short story “An Astrologer’s Day” by R.K.Narayan?
Thank you

Click here to read the story In a very first sight to the story. I found this story little bit hard as well as boring. How the setting is there and the theme of the story. Just have a look at the beginning of the story,

PUNCTUALLY at midday he opened his bag and spread out his professional equipment, which consisted of a dozen cowrie shells, a square piece of cloth with obscure mystic charts on it, a notebook, and a bundle of palmyra writing. His forehead was resplendent with sacred ash and vermilion, and his eyes sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching look for customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted. The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position placed as they were between the painted forehead and the dark whiskers which streamed down his cheeks : even a half-wit's eyes would sparkle in such a setting. To crown the effect he wound a saffron-coloured turban around his head. This color scheme never failed. People were attracted to him as bees are attracted to cosmos or dahlia stalks. He sat under the boughs of a spreading tamarind tree which flanked a path running through the Town Hall Park.

He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. If he had continued there he would have carried on the work of his forefathers namely, tilling the land, living, marrying, and ripening in his cornfield and ancestral home. But that was not to be. He had to leave home without telling anyone, and he could not rest till he left it behind a couple of hundred miles. To a villager it is a great deal, as if an ocean flowed between. 

From this part of story we can find that there is something like kind of mystery tone. 

  • How faithful is the movie to the original short story?

The short story is a literary text and a movie is visual and moving picture. So when we get into the movie we always enjoy more than the practice of reading. When we talk about this particular movie that is An Astrologer’s Day. Then it is faithful we can say but the tone or we can say the flow of story is not going into the same direction. Because when a story being adopted to the moving picture it’s talk a lot rather than the words cause there are so many other elements which are specking louder than the words.


Yes, it is always the process when we read we can imagine the characters or other things by our own ways. And by that we assume so many things very boundlessly within ourselves. When it comes to situations we have to think in a way the writer make us to think or the characters make us to think. In the movie the directed has putted the things in one’s own way and then it goes in that proper path likewise camera and the angles or the sound even.

When I was reading the story it was not able to get that much interest by me but when I was watching the movie I came to know more about the story. Exactly I can say is that movie made me understand the actual concept of the story.

  •  Do you feel ‘aesthetic delight’ while watching the movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no, can you explain with reasons?

Literature is sometimes for aesthetic delight and sometimes for it is there to break all the bars in our minds. The movies which are produced there those all stuffs are in literature already in the different ways or at every possible different times.

I feel when that boy came to the protagonist to get information about his personal search of the person. And the person was only the astrologer who was sitting there only.


The screening of the movie is a very helpful to me to get  into much deeper concept of the short story. As it has its own basic storyline and the themes it contains.


When we watch the movie we find all kind of possible faithfulness from the short story. The astrologer come to the home and the way the director use to show the finance struggle by certain dialogues which are there and also by acting that part or scene is very impactful to me.  


If I get chance to direct this short story, I will do use of better setting of the story.

THANK YOU!

Saturday, 9 July 2022

Wide Sargasso Sea by Jane Rhys

 Wide Sargasso Sea

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani. Writing this blog as a part of the thinking activity which is assigned by Yesha Bhatt Ma’am for the Teacher's material . In this we have to discuss many things like,

1.Postcolonialism: Postcolonial response to Jane Eyre  2. Womanhood – slavery: Annette and Antoinette  3. The Madwomen in the Attic: Annette - Antoinette  4. Pastoral identity – Postcolonialism

The novel is written by Jean Rhys. She was a British novelist who was born and grew up in the Caribbean Island of Dominica. From the age of 16, she was mainly resident in England, where she was sent for her education. She is best known for her novel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), written as a Prequel  to Charlotte Bronte's Jean Eyre.





In this novel when we look at very beginning we find that there seven or eight pages is introductory part is there. The novel is divided in three parts here. Like part one is telling by the female protagonist Antoinette. Part two is probably going with the point of view of male protagonist Mr. Rochester. And then again in the third part Antoinette is there to flow the story.

Wide Sargasso Sea, a prequel to Bronte’s Jane Eyre, is Jean Rhys’ attempt to give voice to the voiceless “mad woman” of Jane Eyre. Rhys’ rewriting of Jane Eyre highlights the orientalist perception of Bronte of the West Indies. Jean Rhys once said that throught her childhood she had been fascinated with the mad woman of Jane Eyre and she always wanted to give her a narrative, which she accomplished in her last novel (qtd in. Bsudlr).

The novel begins in 1834 in Coulibri, the slaves have been granted emancipation. In this novel Rhys chose the timeline to be a year after the emancipation act which makes it easy to highlight the racial tensions and the hatred the former slaves held for the white colonizers. In this novel we are provided with the childhood details of Antoinette/Bertha’s life so that we could to terms with her madness at the end which has already been written by Bronte. In Jane Eyer she is portrayed as just a mad woman living in the attic but in Rhys’ novel she is a daughter, wife, and lover hence a human who deserves happiness but who has ruthlessly been deprived off. When the world around her tries to isolate her or to impose an identity on her she unconsciously creates a bubble around her in which she lives happily so liminality or her liminal existence is her escapist strategy.

The term “liminality” gained popularity in the twentieth century through the works of Victor Turner who expanded Van Gennep’s idea concept in his work. Turner in his “Liminality and Communitas” describes liminality as “passage”, “movement” and “shift in and out of time”. He defined liminal individuals as “neither here and there; they are betwixt and between positions assigned and arrayed by laws, customs ,conventions and ceremony”. Liminality is linked with “, invisibility, darkness, wilderness and to an eclipse of the sun and moon” all these things are evident in Bertha’s character in Jane Eyre she looms as an invisible ghost throughout the novel. At time when she is not physically present in the novel her presence can be felt by the reader, outside, as well as the characters, inside the novel. In addition to this the connection of wilderness and the eclipse of the moon is easily visible in the book. She has been escribe by Bronte as a dark colored creole.

Liminal entities are described by Turner as “may be disguised as monsters, wear only strip of clothing or even go naked to demonstrate that as liminal being they have no status , property, secular clothing , insignia…”. This description of a liminal entity is easily visible in Antoinette’s character in Wide Sargasso Sea, for Rochester she behaves as a monster when she learns that Rochester slept with the Amelia when he tries to stop her she bites his wrist and throws several bottles of rum on the wall. In addition to this the incident when Tia took all her clothes away she stripped her not only of her clothes but her status, property all the illusions, about herself she had in her mind.

Turner describes the phases of a liminal experience: “ the first phase requires the child to go through a separation from his family; this involves his/her death as a child, as childhood is effectively left behind. In the second stage ,initiate, between childhood and adulthood, the child requires to pass a test to prove that he is ready for adulthood. If he succeeds , the third stage involves a celebration of new birth of the adulthood and the welcoming of the being back into the society” (qtd in. Chakraborty). If we analyse Antoinette under the light of the aforementioned theory one can make a conclusion that she got herself stuck in her own bubble of liminality as she never succeeded to the third phase of liminality but she surely experience the first two. She was never a child in her entire childhood but the specks of childhood left in her were officially robbed off her when the natives set fire to her house, killing her brother and driving her mother into insanity. The second stage is reflected, in the second part of the novel, in the form of her marriage which shows that she has ascended from childhood to adulthood, the predicament of her marriage is another entire story but the very act of marriage is reflective of the second phase of liminality.

In “ Liminality and Communitas”, Turner has explained certain attributes of the liminal entities. I will be examining the characters, especially Antoinette, in the novel under the light of those attributes. In liminality the invisible becomes visible or the underdog becomes important in other words the roles of master and slaves are reverted inside the liminal world. “The supreme political authority is portrayed as a slave” (364). In the novel the formerly subjugated slaves get their freedom and it is shown in almost the entire that they are the ones pulling the strings of their so called former masters. If we critically analyse the entire episode of Denial Cosway and, the nameless, Rochester it seems as if he is pulling the strings of Rochester and Rochester is dancing to his tunes, but this is the case of a freed slave if we analyse the relation of Christophine and Annette it is Christophine who is more authoritative here mot the master but the slave. At one point Annette accepts her authority when she says, “ I dare say we would have died if she’d turned against us” . In one scene Christophine literary shouts at Annette. Then there is Antoinette and Amelia. Amelia though being a servant irritates Antoinette by saying that Rochester is getting “tired of their sweet honeymoon” . She even dares to sleep with her master’s husband to irritate her.

The next attribute is “Silence and Submissiveness”. This attribute is highlighted in the novel when at first Antoinette enters the convent as a part of an ideal woman’s upbringing these attributes are infused into her personality. Secondly it is highlighted in the novel is at the time to Antoinette’s marriage, to a man whom she accepted with silence and submission but when she tried to rebel and refuse the marriage she is again humbled and silenced by Rochester through his techniques of an ideal man who will bring “peace” to her life. She marries him and then the actual silence and submissiveness begins. When Christophine tries to talk her out her marriage she says that “ I am not rich now, I have no money of my own at all, everything I had belongs to him” . She could have rebelled but it appears as if she has internalized this silenced and submissive existence of hers. She even tries to save her marriage through magic as if love can be poured into one’s heart. It just shows the extent to which she is incapable of standing for herself. Even after Rochester sleeps with Amelia and begin to hate Antoinette she ends up in his house in England submissive and silenced.

Madwoman in the Attic

Madwoman in the Attic (1979), Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar's critical study of British and American nineteenth-century women's literature, attempts to define a "distinctively female literary tradition." The authors also try to unearth significant women's literature and rescue previously disregarded women's history. Gilbert and Gubar's analysis of authors such as Jane Austen, Emily and Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, Mary Shelley, and Emily Dickinson signals a shift in literary studies from examining how male authors write female characters toward a definition of female authorship, or how women authors construct female characters. Gilbert and Gubar take into account the cultural and political climate in which those authors wrote as well as the texts that those authors read. With those issues in mind, Gilbert and Gubar explore "images of enclosure and escape, fantasies in which maddened doubles function as asocial surrogates for docile selves, [and] obsessive depictions of diseases like anorexia, agoraphobia, and claustrophobia" (Gilbert and Gubar 1979, p. XI). In some ways, Gilbert and Gubar contend, the trapped position of female authors within patriarchal literary constructs manifests itself in the literal and metaphorical enclosures about which many of them wrote.

The title of the book refers to the character Bertha Rochester in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847), who not only suffers from madness but also serves as a double for the character of Jane. Gilbert and Gubar contend that Jane's central confrontation of the text is not with Mr. Rochester but with Bertha and her manifestation of Jane's emotions. In Jane's coming-of-age journey, she must face oppression, starvation, madness, and coldness at each of the estates in which she lives and works. At Thornfield, Jane meets her "dark double" Bertha, who acts out Jane's feelings of "rebellion and rage." Bertha is the only true "madwoman in the attic" in Gilbert and Gubar's critical study.

Moreover, the authors explore the figure of the madwoman as a double in writings by Mary Elizabeth Coleridge and 
George Eliot , for example, to demonstrate how nineteenth-century women writers and poets employed mirrors to create the madwoman. These madwomen emerge "over and over again from the mirrors women writers hold up both to their own natures and to their own visions of nature," and they appear "from a silence in which neither [they] nor [their] author[s] can continue to acquiesce" . The figure of the mirrored madwoman signifies a strategy authors and poets such as Mary Shelley and Emily Dickinson utilized to represent themselves as split or, more specifically, deploying a "female schizophrenia of authorship." This approach also prefigures authors such as Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and Sylvia Plath, who divide and project themselves onto particular characters.

This groundbreaking book on women's literature drew on work by historians such as Gerda Lerner, Alice Rossi, Ann Douglas, and Martha Vicinus as well as literary-cultural studies conducted by Ellen Moers (Literary Women) and Elaine Showalter (A Literature of Their Own). Gilbert and Gubar's study elicited a range of responses from feminist, literary, and historical critics, who have worked to expand the field of women's literary studies.
Thank you !

Monday, 4 July 2022

Cultural Studies Unit 1

 Cultural Studies Unit 1

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as a part of thinking activity which is given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir in a context of the first unit of Cultural Studies  Here you can have a look for teacher's blog. This topic is quite difficult to understand to me though I am trying to discuss here in a brief. When I heard the word Cultural Studies at a very first time during my bachelor program at that time I assumed that cultural studies would be easy cause it is clearly says the name only that study of cultures! But it is containing very multiple stuffs here! It is like hard nut to creak!



The critical analysis of the texts and practices of everyday life in contemporary society: an interdisciplinary enterprise involving both the humanities and the social sciences. – Oxford

First the cultural studies is not popular cultures. Cultural studies focus on the contemporary cultures. It is interdisciplinary field it takes all kind of different ideas from every area. In short it is one which has multiple disciplines to study.

Let’s have a look towards it’s history

It began as a product of the British New Left, influenced in particular by Williams and neo-Marxist sociologists such as Stuart Hall, Bourdieu and Foucault, and also by feminism, structuralism, poststructuralism, semiotics, postcolonialism, queer theory, and initially psychoanalytic theory. It can be seen partly as a reaction against Leavisite cultural elitism and the Frankfurt school's bleak stance on mass culture.

Its emergence as a discipline is marked by the establishment of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) or the Birmingham school at the University of Birmingham in the UK in 1964. Primary concerns of cultural studies include: ideological processes, social and historical context, subcultures, representation, identity, and cultural politics.

Cultural studies theorists see culture as a site of struggle. Critics in the established disciplines have attacked it for eclecticism, lack of focus, or cultural populism but it has nevertheless gained international recognition as a discipline, and it has particularly highlighted the value of the close and reflexive study of cultural forms in the specific contexts of their production, use, and interpretation.

Your understanding of Power in Cultural Studies

Generally, we get the meaning of power is that,

-power to do something

-power over somebody or something

-power in your hands

But almost power can be exercised by political power in actual senses. In a democracy we the people give the power to government through elections. In a dictatorship state power emerges from threat of force, not the consent of the governed. Their dictatorship starts with peer to peer by changing the laws by their accordance and also behave in a soft kind way to change or attack the psychology of people to rule over them. Even they seized power over people’s intellectuals so they can break the thinking actions of people against them.

There are the things we can understand to get proper understanding of power. Let’s see that,

1.Physical force

2.Welth

3.State Action

4.Social Norms

5.Ideas

6.Numbers

Power is never static. It is the thing which is constantly going there to there. Power is like water. It flows over and over. 


















Sunday, 3 July 2022

Department of English

Department of English





Hello, I am Emisha Ravani here! I am going to put on my blog's walls some posters which I have found on the walls of computer lab at Department of English, MKBU. When I went very first in that lab, it was quit surprise to me that in the literature how there can be digital world related stuffs here! though I was very enthusiastically observing all the posters. Those all are kind of difficult to get understanding about at a first time. It was so interesting to me to. So let me make you show those pearls ideas here!













I hope you enjoyed and learn from this wall. Thanks to the all teachers who are shaping our minds in the real sense of education.  



THANK YOU