The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby - by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as thinking activity. To get more idea about this activity click here to visit teacher's blog. Here i will discuss the below questions.

1) How did the film capture the Jazz Age - the Roaring Twenties of the America in 1920s?

2) How did the film help in understanding the characters of the novel?
3) How did the film help in understanding the symbolic significance of 'The Valley of Ashes', 'The Eyes of Dr. T J Eckleberg' and 'The Green Light'?
4) How did the film capture the theme of racism and sexism?
5) Watch the video on Nick Carraway and discuss him as a narrator.
6) Watch the video on psychoanalytical study of Jay Gatsby and write about his character

So, Let's have a look to the discussion of these questions. By these questions we will get the whole idea about movie thoroughly.

1) How did the film capture the Jazz Age - the Roaring Twenties of the America in 1920s?

First if we want to know about this idea about America in the movie, we have to know about Jazz Age. The characters of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby represent a specific part of 1920s American society: the rich people of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald's own experiences during this era form the basis of the novel. It was the time when millions of people have died in the war and Spanish flu then Europe and America got this age afterwards.

Jazz Age is about the concept of how the development of everything like fashion and business etc. it was the giant flow of alcoholism, bootleggers, and one of the massive rise in gang crime caused by the ban on alcohol. Prohibition ultimately caused more problems then it solved, New York and Chicago becoming hives of gang activity during this era. As we can see in the movie too as it has setting of the Jazz age New York. Jazz spread like wildfire across the US and Europe in the twenties due to the sudden availability of cheap records. It gave the way to self – expression at large.

Watch this video to get more idea about The Jazz Age.

2) How did the film help in understanding the characters of the novel?

In the film, when we watch, we can find all characters are quite faithfully presented as in the novel. All the characters have become more impersonal due to the fact that Luhrmann puts more effort into the visuals of the movie and that can be seen as a loss to the movie. Luhrmann has mostly put his effort into how the movie looks aesthetically and somewhere along all the special effects and the glitter the characters have lost the personalities they had in the novel, since the viewer will focus on the visuals instead of someone describing the characters.

The film help very vastly in understanding the characters of the novel. Though one may have surety about novel’s character due to the changes in the process of adaptation.

3) How did the film help in understanding the symbolic significance of 'The Valley of Ashes', 'The Eyes of Dr. T J Eckleberg' and 'The Green Light'?

The valley of ashes

The valley of ashes is the place that ashes grow everywhere. It symbolizes the poverty and hopelessness.

The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg

This is powerful symbol. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fading, bespectacled eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the valley of ashes. They may represent God staring down upon and judging American society as a moral wasteland, though the novel never makes this point explicitly.

The Green Light

Nick first sees Gatsby stretching his arms towards a green light at the end of Daisy's dock. Here, the green light is a symbol of hope.

4) How did the film capture the theme of racism and sexism?

‘The Great Gatsby’ film capture the theme of racism and sexism at certain points. Throughout time women have been written as the lesser sex weaker, secondary characters. They are portrayed as dumb, stupid, and nothing more that their fading beauty. They are written as if they need to be saved or helped because they cannot help themselves. Women, such as Daisy Buchanan who believes all a women can be is a “beautiful little fool”. He convinces the women that their place in society is to be helpless and at his mercy. This is especially apparent through Tom Buchanan 's wife Daisy. Daisy believes, “that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” She believes that all she is a beautiful little fool, but no one can blame her. Whenever Daisy is spoken about it 's not in relation to her intelligence, but rather that, “‘Her voice is full of money,’ Gatsby.

When we think about extramarital affair, according to the Cambridge English dictionary ‘An extramarital saxual relationship is one between a married person and someone who is not thier husband or wife : an extramarital affair.' In this movie we find this sort of relationship between ‘Tom and Myrtle’ and ‘Daisy and Jay’. In that time the rich people used get that kind of affair with the ladies to fulfilled their sexual desires. We can have a look at this thing with sight of class conflicts. Somehow Luhrmann has portrayed this perspective successfully by the Tom and Myrtle’s relationship. Also we can see some vulgar sort of scenes are there at apartment parties. How all the women and men are going lunatic to the parties and to get the aura.

In the term of racism, We see in the film Tom’s character is carrying this term. And he is oftentimes showing his narrowness towards this idea of racism. When they are at dining to have food so he is doing misbehaving with the maid of his own house. Tom has very deeper thought of racism in his conscious and it is showing in his behaviour oftentimes in the film.

5) Watch the video on Nick Carraway and discuss him as a narrator.

In the video, They says that Nick Carraway is as a narrator probably not reliable. He is in sanatorium because he is dealing with alcoholism, insomnia, anger, depression. It is the psychological and emotional trauma he suffered. When we see him in the story we have sympathy to him from the beginning. And there doctor said to him to write his experience to overcome this trauma. So The Great Gatsby is a cathartic experience somehow. So his unreliability started from this point that author or narrator is not having proper state of mind.

6) Watch the video on psychoanalytical study of Jay Gatsby and write about his character.

In this video, there is the psychoanalysis of Jay Gatsby’s character. The professor of psychiatry and behavioural science ‘Jared DeFife’ gives the ideas about Gatsby’s character. He is dealing with the main two aspects of this psychoanalytical study that are “guilt” and “shame”.

The shame part of Gatsby is that when he is born in the poor family, he did not like to be poor. Somewhere he is showing that he is shameful for his lower class upbringing like his father is farm worker, not very successful. Then he became the self made man. He changes his name, and has create a persona of himself. It can be the reaction against the shame.

Guilt, is emotion that people feel when they have done something wrong. According to psychologists, this is the reaction formation. When he is showing his wealth and lavishness by organizing parties. And another thing is that he is doing wrong something in business too. To cover up those wrongs he might taking attention of people to his parties. Here the symbol of ‘Eyes’ is very appropriate to understand this observation that how Gatsby has the kind of inferiority for his own self by his deeds that who is watching at him, and to cover that he is doing all this things. As a human being we are afraid to being seen and the negative things being seen. Another emotion has portrayed here is the “Self Grief”, when he lost Daisy, when he returned to the war. Then he trying to recapture what he has lost. Here we can see the grief reaction, in that people cannot move forward and being depressed. And they only being stuck to at that point or that person only. And it is complicated totally and heavy.

Now we can easily get idea about The Jazz Age, Characters, Symboles, Themes etc. 

THANK YOU!

Auden's Poems

W.H.Auden's Poem

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as a thinking activity given by Prof. Dilip Barad. To get much information you can visit the teacher's blog. Here, I am going to discuss these below questions. 

1) Auden's poems seems to be written in our times for 2022. Justify this in context of pandemic and Russia-Ukraine war.

2) In order to create duality in interpretation of the poem (September 1, 1939), Auden uses codified language to conceal the underlying theme of the lack of acceptance of homosexuality in society. Do you agree with this observation?

W.H. Auden the full name is  Wystan Hugh Auden. He is the British- American poet. And we have his three notable poems here to look at, Those are like,
1. September 1, 19393. 

2.Epitaph on a Tyrant

3. In Memory of W. B. Yeats

Let's have a first look on the poem "In Memory of W.B.Yeats".

The poem:  

He disappeared in the dead of winter:

The brooks were frozen, the airports almost deserted,

And snow disfigured the public statues;

The mercury sank in the mouth of the dying day.

What instruments we have agree

The day of his death was a dark cold day.

Far from his illness

The wolves ran on through the evergreen forests,

The peasant river was untempted by the fashionable quays;

By mourning tongues

The death of the poet was kept from his poems.

But for him it was his last afternoon as himself,

An afternoon of nurses and rumours;

The provinces of his body revolted,

The squares of his mind were empty,

Silence invaded the suburbs,

The current of his feeling failed; he became his admirers.

Now he is scattered among a hundred cities

And wholly given over to unfamiliar affections,

To find his happiness in another kind of wood

And be punished under a foreign code of conscience.

The words of a dead man

Are modified in the guts of the living.

But in the importance and noise of to-morrow

When the brokers are roaring like beasts on the floor of the bourse,

And the poor have the sufferings to which they are fairly accustomed

And each in the cell of himself is almost convinced of his freedom

A few thousand will think of this day

As one thinks of a day when one did something slightly unusual.

What instruments we have agree

The day of his death was a dark cold day.

 

II

You were silly like us; your gift survived it all:

The parish of rich women, physical decay,

Yourself. Mad Ireland hurt you into poetry.

Now Ireland has her madness and her weather still,

For poetry makes nothing happen: it survives

In the valley of its making where executives

Would never want to tamper, flows on south

From ranches of isolation and the busy griefs,

Raw towns that we believe and die in; it survives,

A way of happening, a mouth.

 

III

Earth, receive an honoured guest:

William Yeats is laid to rest.

Let the Irish vessel lie

Emptied of its poetry.

In the nightmare of the dark

All the dogs of Europe bark,

And the living nations wait,

Each sequestered in its hate;

Intellectual disgrace

Stares from every human face,

And the seas of pity lie

Locked and frozen in each eye.

Follow, poet, follow right

To the bottom of the night,

With your unconstraining voice

Still persuade us to rejoice;

With the farming of a verse

Make a vineyard of the curse,

Sing of human unsuccess

In a rapture of distress;

In the deserts of the heart

Let the healing fountain start,

In the prison of his days

Teach the free man how to praise.

From Another Time by W. H. Auden, published by Random House.

The poem “In Memory of W.B.Yeats” by W.H.Auden, he wrote this poem on the death of W.B.Yeats so we can consider it as elegy (in modern literature a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead). Auden has not followed the tradition of writing elegy that’s why it is much different elegy which is modern elegy. In this poem we can get the main theme is ‘ The role of poem’ and about whom? That is “Poet”.

Let’s go to direct poem, when very first word poet uses “He”, from that we know that poet is talking about W.B.Yeats here. And he says that ‘he disappeared in the dead of winter’ means poet is addressing the death of W.B.Yeats. Further we can see that poet has used the fact of the day instead of nearly metaphor. Also we find the modernism elements here when we see the words like airports and thermometer. By this reference of thermometer he wants to make us know that when Yeats was died he was in ill bed. The day of his death is dark cold day, here he says that it is not normal day. In literature we often get this kind of metaphor when such figures died that such gloomy elements. Then he describe the nature and animals with the reference of death.   

The provinces of his body revolted,

The squares of his mind were empty,

Silence invaded the suburbs,

The current of his feeling failed; he became his admirers.

From these lines we interpret that the how his body and mind was suffering at the death day. And now his admirers will remember him.

Now he is scattered among a hundred cities

And wholly given over to unfamiliar affections,

By this line he says that now poet will scattered everywhere by his works. And by unfamiliar affections, that is the idea of  poet is no more. In the further lines poet used the vocab of share market. And by that poet says that there are people who are not effected by the death of poet but there are few people who can be effected by the poet’s death.

In the second stanza, he direct uses “He” as poet. Yeats was political active figure and he was telling people to fight for freedom. He wrote for the people in the context of Ireland. But still that condition has not changed at all.

“For poetry makes nothing happen:”, here poet is saying that poets write for the betterment of people but poetry can not make any change in the society. This the theme that how can poetry make change! And where poetry can survive! Even the stuffs will be survive in the poetry. The voices of the readers will make poetry survive as he says. If poet died then, yet poetry should not be died.

In the last stanza,   

Earth, receive an honoured guest:

William Yeats is laid to rest.

Let the Irish vessel lie

Emptied of its poetry.

When Yeats’s body will entered in the earth as honored guest. “Vessel” means his all collection of poetry we can say.

In the nightmare of the dark

All the dogs of Europe bark,

And the living nations wait,

Each sequestered in its hate;

Here, we can take the reference of WW2 that how the various European countries were fighting to each other. And poet says that when dark time come still your poetry will make it rejoice. Whenever dullness exist the verses of the poet will make the golden world. And by the word “curse” there is the bible reference.   

In the deserts of the heart

Let the healing fountain start,

In the prison of his days

Teach the free man how to praise.

In these lines, he says that agony in the deserted heart poetry will be the healing fountain to that agony. And poetry will be always fight it’s own survive. Poetry is for the people who are busy in their own lives.

The poem is not about the only W.B.Yeats but poem is for the all poets. It is the meditation or reflection, thinking on the role of poetry, place of in modern world. The modern world is for that people have no time for poetry and may questioning like, what is poetry for? Can poetry make anything happen? Should it make anything happen? The poem is answer to all above questions. And poet gives the light to the idea of changing the world by literature.

The main concern is here how modern world is much busy in the work and the forget to give importance to the poetry or literature. In this poem we can get the words like modern elements so from that we can come to know that this poem is written for the present time.  

Epitaph on a Tyrant

The poem :

Perfection, of a kind, was what he was after,

And the poetry he invented was easy to understand;

He knew human folly like the back of his hand,

And was greatly interested in armies and fleets;

When he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter,

And when he cried the little children died in the streets.

W.H.Auden is Anglo- American poet. We should have historical sense when we want to study any texts. As per new criticism we will not ask that what poet wants to say, but we will ask what poetry wants to say. It is written around 1939 perhaps. Here the poet is trying to write about “Tyrant” and that is direct to the “Adolf Hitler”. Poet is not talking about only him but he talks about all kind of Tyrant.

Here very first word that is, ‘Perfection’. If we want to look it at by the first impression we can it has optimism itself. But we should see that in which way poet has used this word in the poem of tyrant. Might he went as negative tone too. Further, “of a kind” says that there is something in a particular way we can say by the poet has used the way to put this phrase. Like he says that kind of perfection of tyrants.

In the second line, there is the point that the songs are he is singing around the people. He uses the word “Invented” means that all the tyrants are saying that it is going to be done first time. How they use the pseudo language. In this poet is saying that they invented the poetry which is their own. ‘easy to understand’ mentioned here might it is saying that how tyrants use the way of oversimplify. Also here rise a question like poetry should be easy or hard to understand? Modern or twentieth century literature is not easy to understand so it cannot be understood by people so it is not democratic literature. So we can see the elements of modern literature.

Further, poet says that tyrants know the human folly like the back of his hand. It says that how tyrants uses the violence to people. By the human folly he might wants to go with ‘Emotional susceptibility’. For example when it comes to the mother, nation, religion or selfhood, people become emotional. And tyrants know about it so they always use these keys to pretend.

‘great interested in armies and fleets’ by this line we can see very easily this thing that how they pretend to people by dressing like armies and visit them on holidays. Let’s see how Hitler was in war time uniform and standing among the army men.

When he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter, in this line he talks about senators that how they are behaving like sycophancy. From this image we can easily become familiar with the word.

Now a days we see that how people are becoming puppets of authorities. It is kind of show off or we can say people wanting such kind of power under them. Or longing to ruling.

And when he cried the little children died in the streets.

In the last line there is many reference like we see that every tyrants taking photographs with children to show the soft corner to people and we see by the psychological point of view we can say that they are doing this activity to hide their own guilt or they trying to convince their own selves to get rid of their wrong deeds. And here the reference of Jesus, and using that they wants to prove them as compassion personalities among them.

By these pictures we can get the idea that how they are using this sort of mindsets.

Another reference we find here there is interchange of the words in this line, here is one report which is specking about a very sympathetic ruler who is “ Dutch ruler William the Silent” the writer John Lothrop Motley says that : ‘ As long as he lived, he was the guiding star of a whole brave nations, and when he died the little children cried in the streets.

So by this reference poet did irony upon the tyrant’s tears what they use very oftentimes to gain sympathy of people. Let’s get some idea by images.

Here i put a quote from James Madison which is saying that 

(click here to know more about Queer Theory) 

Transcendentalism - An Intellectual Movement

Transcendentalism - An Intellectual Movement

1. Transcendentalists talks about Individual’s relation with Nature. What is Nature for you? Share your views.

First , we will have look upon the idea of Transcendental Movement. This movement was an American movement. Which started in 1830s. As we are aware that during this time in the England there was the time of Romanticism and Romantics were blooming. At that time in the America this Transcendentalism was arise in the same way.

All the figures of Transcendentalism made a club of Transcendentalists. In that, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, Walt Whitman, these four were the core members of this group. Excepting those these are included, Orestes Brownson, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, and James Freeman Clarke, as well as George Ripley, Bronson Alcott, the younger W.E. Channing, and W.H. Channing.

These people were very against to the puritans who believe such orthodoxies which can be rigid to the people. Puritans were so religious. They think that anyone who does not believe what they are believing will go to hell. Transcendentalists were think that just because you are telling us something we would not accept it.

“Emerson’s church consist of one member – that is HIMSELF” – MS Olcott Benson.

This line is the core philosophy of Transcendentalism. They were against to religion and they thought that religion is very subjective. Transcendentalists always prefer religion as a subjective. And also they believe that there should not be any rules to know the God. Often times we feel that our intuitions can be right in our routine life. Rather than the reasons.

Power of emotion and intuition

Transcendentalist believe that if you want know divine, you can know only though emotions and your intuition power, not though reason. There is no role for brain to know about it.

Championed individualism

They believe that individualism is spiritual centre of the universe. Emerson in his essay he said that man is not farmer, or a professor , or engineer, but he is all. They prefer the individual presence in society.

Soul’s connection with God

It is very simple to get that the every soul is connected to the God. And by that idea we all are connected. If we look into the deep in things we can see clearly that everything is connected to each other very smoothly. When we study the lose of nature we can come to know the lose of our self in same way. In this way we can study ourselves by studying nature. So, we can say that Transcendentalism has very root connection to the nature. They say that beauty is all around us and nearer but we have to just need to realize. We need to discover ourselves in our everyday life and connect it to soul. Then they talk about individual, there they says that you do not need to look at society that how society will think of me, but we should care about the relationships with our soul and nature. And our relationship with the God.

Here, We can see the quotes of Transcendentalists and from that we can get to know how they have given the ideas about the connection of soul and selves to nature and spirituality. Transcendentalists found the magazine named, "Dail Magazine". In that they published the literary works which were influenced by the theory of trancendentalism.

Now , if I can say about nature that what is the nature for me is, every time we don’t feel the same thriller when we see the various aspects of nature. Nature has it’s own peace which can be feel in a very individual way to everyone. The urban life is creating the race of thoughts in our mind and it can be hectic to us. When we want peace we simply choose to go to nature to heal our panic soul. In every aspects of nature there is such uniqueness to look at.

2.)Transcendentalism is an American Philosophy that influenced American Literature at length. Can you find any Indian/Regional literature or Philosophy came up with such similar thought?

One thing can remember here that the theory of Vasudhaiva kutumbakam. Where they are talking as, अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम्। (ayaṃ nijaḥ paro veti gaṇanā

laghucetasām)

उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्॥ (udāracaritānāṃ tu vasudhaiva kuṭumbakam)

Meaning is that all men and women are members of the family of world.

In another way I can say that nature has create us as per Indian philosophy that is five elements theory. We , the humans body, just like the entire universe, is made up of the five elements Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space. This theory has purpose intended as an explanation of the nature and all matter by breaking it down into simpler substances.

From this video you can get more idea about the movement Transcendentalism.

THANK YOU!

Long Day's Journey into Night

 Long Day's Journey into Night

Hello, I am Emisha Ravani, Writing this blog as part of thinking activity given by Yesha Madam. Long Day’s Journey into Night, drama in four acts by Eugene O'neill, written 1939–41 and produced and published in 1956. The play, which is considered an American masterpiece, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1957.

O’Neill’s autobiographical play is a shattering depiction of a day in the dreary. life of a couple and their two sons. James Tyrone, a semiretired actor, is vain, self-obsessed, and miserly; his wife, Mary, feels worthless and retreats into a morphine-induced haze. Jamie, their older son, is a bitter alcoholic. James refuses to acknowledge the illness of his consumptive younger son, Edmund. As Mary sinks into hallucination and madness, father and sons confront each other in searing scenes that reveal their hidden motives and interdependence.

Now, We will have look on the character of Mary Tyrone. As we know that she was drug addicted lady and we will discuss that here by the side of psychology.

Maia Szalavitz’s Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way of Understanding Addiction explained that for addicted people, their emotional stress drove them beyond the point of controlling their compulsions. As the Washington Post puts it, the brains of people who are driven to addictive behavior are unable to resist the temptation to indulge in that behavior – not because they are corrupt and weak but because their psyche is in a constant state of pressure and tension.

Whenever we see the reference like these we can stand with it by the observation of our surrounded people who are addicts kind of. We strongly believe that they are unable to resist their temptations and because of the addiction they feel kind of pressure or one may say that because of pressure they are become addicts.

A psychologist who wrote a book entitled Addiction is a Choice, “people have more control over their behavior than they think.” On the other hand, “many scientists say addicts have literally lost control,” and that the loss of control is a characteristic of the addiction disease. A doctor said that addicts “actually lose their free will” because of what the drugs do to them.

Here we can see the two different ideas are presented that one is saying that addiction is a choice and another is saying that addicts have lost control so in this case we can observe that it is totally unacceptable in the society's parameters as addict or it is wrong deed of one's so if it is a choice then why people choose to be addict! and generally today's youth is might the victim of this process of choice of addiction.Then there must be something as psychological reasons or the blindness towards affections through actions. 

According to TIME magazine, “the vast majority of people with addiction have suffered significant previous trauma.” Many of those people are women, who tend to be the most frequently victimized in households where domestic violence is prevalent. The Journal of Psychiatric Research writes that women have a “heightened fear response,” so they are twice as likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder in the aftermath of a traumatic event than men. In addition to substance abuse, girls who suffer or witness domestic violence tend to act out in other risky and uncontrollable ways, such as being sexually promoted or engaging in self-harm, like cutting the skin; it is not meant as a suicidal action, but the intense pain provides a distraction from the emotional stress of domestic abuse.

By this above paragraph we can have click our character of Mary Tyrone, When it talks about previous trauma and also that women are the most victims in this perticular disease. Also one can get the idea perhaps that, addicts choose to become addicts because they might longing for distraction from the emotional stress.

When we talking about the addiction psychology we shoul be clear with the " What is the Emotional Stress?" 

The emotional stress falls under the category of trauma, which the American Psychological Association says is an emotional response that takes place when a person is deeply afraid for their life or wellbeing.

Mary Tyrone is somewhere craving for the own house that we can see in the play when she is talking about the house. she is living in the cottage in the play which is situated near bt seaside. So,the emotional stress come to exist into many ways but here it goes in this way.

 

What is the chamical process in the brain of addict?

Dopamine is secreted by the brain during healthy activities, but drugs like cocaine or heroin will force the brain to release massive amounts of dopamine, and then prevent the brain from reabsorbing the dopamine, making the pleasurable experience last unnaturally longer. In many cases of chronic or serious substance abuse, this actually changes the brain’s chemistry to the point where normal activities don’t produce the same amounts of dopamine that they used to. In the context of associative learning, the brain has been reprogrammed to associate the blast of euphoria from drugs or compulsive behavior with only feelings of pleasure, reward, and the anticipation of more pleasure and reward. Healthy activities don’t register on the radar anymore, so they are discarded and eventually forgotten.

In the Mary's character we feel that the blast euphoria and also somewhere she seems numb even. Her dialogues are showing these flows of it. Continuing process of taking drugs, Might she feels dilightful while taking it and this remains in the entire play.

By this video we can get the idea about how addict people wanting the escapism and craving for "not to be oueselves for few time". because of discomfort with ownself, desire for escape from own mind. 

Here, We are going to see that how Mary get addicted to morphine. Mary has been addicted to morphine sinse the difficult birth of her youngest son Edmund.The doctor who treated her simply gave her painkillers, which led to a long time morphine addiction that continues to plague her.  

Another thing is here to look at is, Her one dialogue where she is telling to her sons, " Not that i want anything to do with them. I've always hated this town and everyone in it. You konw that. I never wanted to live here in the first place, but your father liked it and insisted on building this house, and I've had to come here every summer."

"Because he’s always sneering at someone else, always looking for the worst weakness in everyone.

Then with a strange, abrupt change to a detached, impersonal tone.

But I suppose life has made him like that, and he can’t help it. None of us can help the things life has done to us. They’re done before you realize it, and once they’re done they make you do other things until at last everything comes between you and what you’d like to be, and you’ve lost your true self forever." - Mary Tyrone

This dialogue is showing the pessimistic tone of Mary towards life.

So, In a nut shell, we can say that addiction is something can be happen by choice or by disease to the people. Here we have seen that how Mary is suffering from this kind of addiction.

THANK YOU!